搜索建议

什么是搜索建议

如下图，在搜索框内输入斗，红框内展示的即为搜索建议

搜索建议示意图

所谓搜索建议，就是根据用户已输入的关键字，提供几个几个备选的关键字。Solr 自带建议组件，只需简单配置即可。

在 solr 里实现搜索建议

在 solrconfig.xml 添加建议组件

<searchComponent name="suggest" class="solr.SuggestComponent">
  <lst name="suggester">
  <str name="name">mySuggester</str>
  <str name="lookupImpl">FuzzyLookupFactory</str>
  <str name="dictionaryImpl">DocumentDictionaryFactory</str>
  <str name="field">name</str>
  <str name="weightField">heat</str>
  <str name="suggestAnalyzerFieldType">string</str>
  <str name="buildOnStartup">false</str>
  </lst>
</searchComponent>

参数说明

参数 说明
searchComponent Name 该建议组件的名称
name 建议器的名称，在 URL 参数和 SearchHandler 配置里引用该名称
lookupImpl 如何查找建议，solr 自带了几个可用的实现，默认为 JaspellLookupFactory
dictionaryImpl 建议词典，solr 自带了几个词典的实现，默认的词典实现为 HighFrequencyDictionaryFactory
field 索引里的一个字段，用来作为建议词条的基础
weightField 权重字段，用来对多个建议关键字进行排序
buildOnStartup true 表示在 Solr 启动时或 core 重载时创建词典。通常把这个设置设为 false，并手工创建建议，即在提交建议请求时使用 suggest.build=true

在 solrconfig.xml 添加建议请求处理器

添加建议组件以后，必须在 solrconfig.xml 里添加请求处理器，示例如下

<requestHandler name="/suggest" class="solr.SearchHandler" startup="lazy">
  <lst name="defaults">
    <str name="suggest">true</str>
    <str name="suggest.count">10</str>
  </lst>
  <arr name="components">
    <str>suggest</str>
  </arr>
</requestHandler>

参数说明

参数 说明
suggest=true 该参数必须为 true
suggest.dictionary 在建议组件里配置的建议器的名称。该参数是必须滴，可以在请求处理器里设置，也可以在查询时通过参数传递
suggest.q 查找建议时用的查询
suggest.count 指定 Solr 返回的建议数量
suggest.build true 表示构建建议索引。仅在初次请求时有用
components.name 这里填入上一步骤定义的建议组件的名称

如何获取建议

http://localhost:8983/solr/tv/suggest?suggest=true&suggest.build=true \
&suggest.dictionary=mySuggester&wt=json&suggest.q=xiyou

实战

还是以之前建好的 tv 来实战

solrconfig.xml 配置

在 solrconfig.xml 最后添加

<!-- suggestion -->
<searchComponent name="suggest" class="solr.SuggestComponent">
  <lst name="suggester">
    <!-- 建议器名为 tvSuggester -->
    <str name="name">tvSuggester</str>
    <!-- tvsuggest 字段用来提供建议 -->
    <str name="field">tvsuggest</str>
    <!-- heat 字段用来排序 -->
    <str name="weightField">heat</str>
    <str name="suggestAnalyzerFieldType">string</str>
    <str name="buildOnStartup">false</str>
  </lst>
</searchComponent>

<requestHandler name="/suggest" class="solr.SearchHandler" startup="lazy">
  <lst name="defaults">
    <str name="suggest">true</str>
    <str name="suggest.count">10</str>
  </lst>
  <arr name="components">
    <str>suggest</str>
  </arr>
</requestHandler>

修改 schema.xml

在建议组件的配置里，使用了 tvsuggest 字段，这个字段专用于提供搜索建议，需要在 schema.xml 里定义这个字段，如下

<fields>
        ......

        <!-- 搜索建议，支持拼音和中文 -->
        <field name="tvsuggest" type="string" indexed="true" 
            multiValued="true" stored="false" />

</fields>

<copyField source="nameJianpin" dest="tvsuggest" />
<copyField source="nameQuanpin" dest="tvsuggest" />
<copyField source="name" dest="tvsuggest" />

......

新建一个 tvsuggest 字段，并将 name, nameJianpin, nameQuanpin 3 个字段复制到该字段

获取建议

使用 西游 作为关键字来获取建议

http://172.17.21.76:8983/solr/tv/suggest?suggest=true&suggest.build=true&\
suggest.dictionary=tvSuggester&wt=json&suggest.q=西游

返回结果

{
    "responseHeader": {
        "status": 0,
        "QTime": 391
    },
    "command": "build",
    "suggest": {
        "tvSuggester": {
            "西游": {
                "numFound": 8,
                "suggestions": [{
                    "term": "西游捕鱼(赢话费iPhone)",
                    "weight": 1,
                    "payload": ""
                },
                {
                    "term": "西游漫记",
                    "weight": 1,
                    "payload": ""
                },
                {
                    "term": "西游记1",
                    "weight": 2,
                    "payload": ""
                },
                {
                    "term": "西游记2",
                    "weight": 2,
                    "payload": ""
                },
                {
                    "term": "西游记3",
                    "weight": 1,
                    "payload": ""
                },
                {
                    "term": "西游记之三件宝贝",
                    "weight": 1,
                    "payload": ""
                },
                {
                    "term": "西游记之大闹天宫",
                    "weight": 1,
                    "payload": ""
                },
                {
                    "term": "西游记（浙版）",
                    "weight": 1,
                    "payload": ""
                }]
            }
        }
    }
}

使用 xiyou 作为关键字来获取建议

http://172.17.21.76:8983/solr/tv/suggest?suggest=true&suggest.build=true&\
suggest.dictionary=tvSuggester&wt=json&suggest.q=xiyou

返回结果

{
    "responseHeader": {
        "status": 0,
        "QTime": 306
    },
    "command": "build",
    "suggest": {
        "tvSuggester": {
            "xiyou": {
                "numFound": 9,
                "suggestions": [
                    {
                        "term": "Xiyoubuyu(yinghuafeiiPhone)",
                        "weight": 1,
                        "payload": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "term": "Xiyouji1",
                        "weight": 2,
                        "payload": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "term": "Xiyouji2",
                        "weight": 2,
                        "payload": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "term": "Xiyouji3",
                        "weight": 1,
                        "payload": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "term": "Xiyoujizheban",
                        "weight": 1,
                        "payload": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "term": "Xiyoujizhidanaotiangong",
                        "weight": 1,
                        "payload": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "term": "Xiyoujizhisanjianbaobei",
                        "weight": 1,
                        "payload": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "term": "Xiyoumanji",
                        "weight": 1,
                        "payload": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "term": "Xiyoutonghua",
                        "weight": 1,
                        "payload": ""
                    }
                ]
            }
        }
    }
}

这尼玛就有点尴尬了。。。。为神马返回的建议也是拼音了？

再用 xy 做关键字试下

http://172.17.21.76:8983/solr/tv/suggest?suggest=true&suggest.build=true&\
suggest.dictionary=tvSuggester&wt=json&suggest.q=xy

返回结果

{
    "responseHeader": {
        "status": 0,
        "QTime": 307
    },
    "command": "build",
    "suggest": {
        "tvSuggester": {
            "xy": {
                "numFound": 10,
                "suggestions": [
                    {
                        "term": "Xy",
                        "weight": 2,
                        "payload": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "term": "Xy360sd",
                        "weight": 1,
                        "payload": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "term": "Xybmm",
                        "weight": 1,
                        "payload": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "term": "Xyby(yhfiPhone)",
                        "weight": 1,
                        "payload": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "term": "Xyctg",
                        "weight": 1,
                        "payload": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "term": "Xydh",
                        "weight": 1,
                        "payload": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "term": "Xydn",
                        "weight": 1,
                        "payload": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "term": "Xydstlagx",
                        "weight": 1,
                        "payload": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "term": "Xyeyhwq",
                        "weight": 1,
                        "payload": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "term": "Xyfsszwdqc",
                        "weight": 1,
                        "payload": ""
                    }
                ]
            }
        }
    }
}

无语了。。。

结论

一般搜索建议的需求应该是无论关键字是中文还是拼音，返回的搜索建议都是中文。但 solr 的建议组件很显然没有这么智能，在输入中文时获取中文建议无压力，但用拼音搜索时，想要返回中文的搜索建议还是有待深入研究滴

TODO LIST

  • 输入拼音全拼或简拼，获取中文的搜索建议
  • 在 Java 程序里使用 SolrJ 获取建议

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